Saturday, November 30, 2019

The Hillsborough disaster Essay Essay Example

The Hillsborough disaster Essay Essay The Hillsborough catastrophe was an incident that occurred on 15 April 1989 at the Hillsborough bowl in Sheffield. England. during the FA cup semi-final lucifer between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest association football nines. The crush resulted in the deceases of 96 people and hurts to 766 others. The incident has since been blamed chiefly on the constabulary. The incident remains the worst stadium-related catastrophe in British history and one of the world’s worst association football catastrophes. association football nines used to contend the semi-final of the FA Cup at a impersonal locale. and in 1989 Hillsborough was selected by the association football. While opposing protagonists were segregated in the bowl. Liverpool fans were allocated the Leppings Lane base. reached by a limited figure of turnstiles. Entry to the land was slow due to the few decrepit turnstiles available to the Liverpool fans which caused unsafe overcrowding outside the land before kick-off. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hillsborough disaster Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Hillsborough disaster Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Hillsborough disaster Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In an effort to ease force per unit area outside the land. Chief Superintendent Duckenfield ordered an issue gate to be opened. The opened issue gate led to a tunnel marked â€Å"Standing† which led straight to the two already overcrowded enclosures ( pens ) . In old old ages the tunnel had been closed off by constabulary when the two cardinal pens were full. nevertheless on this juncture the tunnel was unmanned. The resulting inflow of protagonists caused suppression and some fans climbed over side fencings or were lifted by fellow protagonists onto the base above to get away the crush. Moments after kick-off. a crush barrier broke and fans began to fall on top of each other. The game was stopped after six proceedingss. To transport away the injured. protagonists tore down advertisement billboards to utilize as stretchers and exigency services were called to supply aid. Of the 96 people who died. 14 were admitted to infirmary. When the FA Chairman visited the Control Box to happen out what had happened. Chief Superintendent Duckenfield told a ‘disgraceful prevarication that the protagonists had â€Å"rushed† the gate. The 1990 functionary enquiry into the catastrophe. the Taylor Report. concluded â€Å"the chief ground for the catastrophe was the failure of constabulary control. The findings of the study resulted in the riddance of standing patios at all major football bowls in England. Wales and Scotland. On the twentieth day of remembrance of the catastrophe. authorities curate Andy Burnham called for the constabulary. ambulance and all other public bureaus to let go of paperss which were non made available to Lord Justice Taylor in 1989. This action led to the formation of the Hillsborough Independent Panel. which in September 2012 concluded that no Liverpool fans were responsible for the deceases. and that efforts had been made by the governments to hide what happened. including the change by constabulary of 116 statements associating to the catastrophe. The facts in the study prompted immediate apologies from Prime Minister David cameron ; the Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police Chairman David Bernstein and Kelvin Mackenzie. then-editor of The Sun. for their organisations’ several functions. In September 2012. the Hillsborough Independent Panel concluded that up to 41 of the 96 human deaths might hold been avoided had they received prompt medical intervention. The study revealed â€Å"multiple failures† by other exigency services and public organic structures which contributed to the decease toll. In response to the panel’s study. Attorney General for England and Waless. Dominic Grieve MP. confirmed he would see all the new grounds to measure whether the original inquest finding of facts of inadvertent decease could be overturned. On 19 December 2012. a new inquest was granted in the High Court. to the alleviation of the households and friends of the Hillsborough deceased. 1. Examination of Evidence associating to the Hillsborough football bowl catastrophe. Lord Justice Stuart-Smith. February 1998. Page 83. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. southyorks. constabulary. uk/sites/default/files/STUART 2. Conn. David ( 17 April 2009 ) . â€Å"Football: David Conn on Hillsborough† . The Guardian. Retrieved 12 September 2012. 3. ^ Eason. Kevin ( 13 April 2009 ) . â€Å"Hillsborough: the catastrophe that changed football† . The Times ( UK ) . Retrieved 1 October 2009.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Sources of Innovation Essay Example

Sources of Innovation Essay Example Sources of Innovation Essay Sources of Innovation Essay Sometimes knowing a field too well can stifle creatively. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate Page: 2. The organizations structure, routines, and incentives can thwart individual creativity, but not amplify it. Answer: False page: 20 3. Sometimes paying people for suggestions undermines creativity because it focuses their shift on extrinsic motivation. Difficulty: Hard 4. Though a generalist by nature, inventors are specialists In the field in which they invent. Page: 21 5. Innovation often originates with those who create solutions for their own needs. Difficulty: Easy page: 22 6. The qualities that make people inventive do not necessarily make them entrepreneurial. 7. Manufacturers typically create new product innovations in order to profit from the sale of the innovation to customers. Page: 23 8. Firms consider their in-house R to be their least important source of innovation, but still feel it is necessary to possess. Page: 25 9. The most frequent collaborations are between firms and their customers, suppliers, and local universities. Page: 26 10. A complement is a company or individual that produces goods or services that enhance the value of another product. Age: 27 1 1 . The creation of university technology transfer offices accelerated rapidly in the United States after the Baby-Dole Act was passed. Page: 28 12. The Small Business Technology Transfer (EST.) program facilitates partnerships between small businesses and nonprofit research institutions. Page: 29 self-reinforcing advantages. Page: 30 14. Collaborative research i s especially important in high-technology sectors. Page: 31 15. Technology clusters may span a region as narrow as a city or as wide as a group of neighboring countries. Page: 32 16. A cluster of firms with high innovation productivity will discourage other firms from establishing themselves in the same area. Page: 33 17. The degree to which innovative activities are geographically clustered does not depend on the national differences in the way technology development is funded or protected. Page: 34 18. The likelihood of technological spillovers varies across countries. Page: 35 19. A knowledge broker puts existing information to use in new and profitable ways. 20. Research suggests that most innovation is due to the discovery of something fundamentally new. Page: 36 Multiple Choice 1 . Which of the following products would be considered novel? A. A detergent advertises that it can remove spots. B. A company announces it has produced a recreational hovercraft for sale in toy stores. C. A cell phone company announces that it now offers text messaging. D. A college announces it will install artificial turf on its football field. Answer: b page: 18-19 22. Which of the following persons is most likely to come up with a new way of manufacturing socks for a textile company? A. Bill, who has been the mechanic working on the current socks manufacturing equipment for the last 15 years. He ruddy states that he is a true expert on every aspect of these machines. B. Kate, who knows the basics of how the socks are now manufactured and how the machines work, but comes from a completely different background as far as training and experience are considered. C. Frank, who has been newly hired because of his mechanical knowledge, but has no real knowledge or understanding of how socks are manufactured. D. Lisa, who is the Plant Manager and is known as being impatient with her subordinates. Page: 19 23. Which of the following will probably have the least influence on organizational creativity? The creativity of the individuals in the organization b. The organizational structure c. Incentives provided for creativity d. Location of the organization Answer: d 24. The difference between Hands employee-driven idea system (DEEDS) and a traditional suggestion box is that Hands system a. Does not pay employees for ideas. B. Screens ideas for practicality before paying employees. C. Requires those who submit ideas to follow through with the suggestion, overseeing its progress from concept to implementation. D. Only ends up accepting about 10 percent of the suggestions submitted. Answer: c 25. Southeaster Athletic Mats, Inc. Produces gym mats for school and health clubs. The company recently put a metal box near the time clock and asked employees to submit ideas in writing for improved productivity. It offered $10 for every idea it implemented. This is an example of a(n) a. Employee-driven idea system (DEEDS). B. Suggestion box. C. Legal bribe. D. Applied research. 26. According to studies, which of the following tends to be true of prolific inventors? A. Inventors tend to have specialized almost solely in one field. B. Inventors tend to be curious, and question the assumptions made in a field. C. Inventors typically patent and commercialism most of their inventions. D. Inventors tend to interact socially and seek local solutions to problems. 27. The Smith brothers were trying to come up with a new cough drop but Alvin Smith kept saying to his brother, Frank, l really would like to understand more about what makes a person cough in the first place. Frank kept saying, We need to quit worrying about theoretical stuff and Just focus on how to stop the coughing. Which of the brothers is most likely to be a successful inventor? A. Alvin b. Frank c. They are equally likely to be successful inventors d. Neither is very likely to be a successful inventor 28. Which of the following is not true regarding user innovators? A. They have a deep understanding of their unmet needs. B. They have an intention to profit from the sale of their innovation. C. They have an incentive to create solutions for their own nee ds. D. Their innovations can lead to the development of new industries. 29. Susan works for a large chemical company in the Research and Development department. Her degree was in Biology and the company is encouraging her to study the mating habits of various insects to develop a better method of controlling insect image to crops. The type of research Susan is engaged in is called research. A. Basic b. Applied c. Development d. Primary 30. Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps for the science-push approach to research and development? A. Customers express an unmet need, RD develops the product to meet that need, the product is produced, and the Marketing team promotes the product. . Scientific discovery leads to an invention, the Engineering team designs the product, it is manufactured, and the Marketing team promotes it. C. Marketing does research to discover a need, RD comes up with the reduce concept which is refined by engineering, the Manufacturing team produces it, and the Marketing team sells it. D. Manufacturing sees a way to improve a product, RD takes the suggestions and expands on it, the Engineering team redesig ns it, the Manufacturing team implements the change, and the Marketing team sells it. 31 . The demand-pull approach to research and development refers to a. Research and development that focuses on developing products that are expected to increase demand in a particular market segment. B. Research and development that begins by immemorial applications may be constructed from those outputs. C. Research and development that greatly overextends the development budget of the firm. D. Research and development that originates as a response to the specific problems or suggestions of customers. 32. Which of the following is not a source for successful innovation? A. In-house research and development. B. Customers. C. External networks of firms. D. Government funding 33. Organizations that produce products such as light bulbs for lamps, or DVD movies for DVD players are examples of a. Competitors. B. Inventors. C. Complementary. D. Incubators. 34. The president of Mountain Home University has been asked by her board of trustees to set up a mechanism for the centralization of technology developed at the university. Such a mechanism is typically called a A. Business department. B. Centralization office. C. Technology transfer office. D. Loyalty department. 35. According to the text, The Baby-Dole Act of 1980 a. Made the transfer of technology to enemies of America illegal. B. Allowed universities to collect royalties on inventions funded with taxpayer dollars. C. Made it impossible to patent inventions developed at universities. . Made it legal for private 36. Regional districts that are set up by the government to foster RD collaboration between g overnment, universities, and private firms are typically called a. Government alliances. B. Research collaboration areas (Arcs). C. Incubators. D. Science parks. 37. In 2001, Shanghais Municipal Government set aside 13 square kilometers area near the Hung River for university laboratories, and start-up firms in microelectronics, digital technology, and life sciences. It was hoped that the area would foster strong research ability, the development of an advanced technology abort pool, and foster the creation of new industries in Shanghai. This area would best be termed a(n) a. Industry b. Incubator c. Science park d. Knowledge broker 38. Institutions designed to nurture the development of new business that might otherwise lack access to adequate funding or advice are called a. Overspent alliances. 39. The objective of the Small Business Technology Transfer (EST.) program is to a. More fully leverage the innovation that takes place in research laboratories by connecting research scientists with entrepreneurs. B. Help small businesses develop business that have significant innovation capabilities. . To aid technology entrepreneurs by offering them f inancial and advisory services. Answer: a is a regional group of firms that have a connection to a common 40. A technology, and may engage in buyer, supplier, and complement relationships, as well as research collaboration. . Science park b. Regional incubator c. Research collaboration area (RCA) d. Technology cluster 41 . When companies form a technology cluster it often results in a. Greater security among the companies to prevent industrial spying from competitors who are now located close by. B. Less new startups because people who have interest in this industry would prefer to work for an established company. C. A shrinking supply of trained labor due to the competition for the skills needed by the industry among the companies in the area. D. The attraction of other firms to the area. Age: 33-34 42. Which of the following would be considered true about an agglomeration economy? A. Helps enhance proximity in knowledge exchange. B. Helps firms understand the drivers and benefits of clustering for developing a strategy. C. Helps overcome the market failure that can result when a new technology has the potential for important societal benefits. D. Helps firms reap benefits by locating them in close geographical proximity to each other. 43. Which of the following would typically be considered a downside to geographical clustering? A. Firms may have to lower prices on their products because there are many local competitors serving the same market. B. Firms have to spend more on transportation costs for their inputs because suppliers are located far away. C. Firms Firms may benefit by improvements in local infrastructure such as roads and utilities. 44. Which of the following would not affect geographic clustering of an industry? A. The nature of the technology. . The degree to which communication and frequent interaction is required for knowledge sharing. C. Population density of labor. D. Profit margins of a technology firm. Is a positive externally of research and development efforts. A. Knowledge 45. Broker b. Agglomeration c. Technological spillover d. Technology cluster Essay 46. You have Just been given an assignment within your company to design a creativity training program. Describe the elements you would include in the program and explain the rationale of each one. Answer: One element of a creativity training program would be to bring in a miscommunication expert to teach managers how to encourage novel thinking and autonomy through the use of verbal and nonverbal cues. The program might also include exercises that encourage employees to consider simpler representations of a problem to avoid getting bogged down in the details, and develop rudimentary prototypes. The program probably should not entail extrinsic (e. G. , monetary) rewards, and instead should encourage intrinsic rewards such as recognition, giving the employees considerable ownership over their projects, and emphasizing the beneficial impact new solutions have on the welfare of customers.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Penny Press - One Cent Newspapers

Penny Press - One Cent Newspapers The Penny Press was the term used to describe the revolutionary business tactic of producing newspapers which sold for one cent. The Penny Press is generally considered to have started in 1833, when Benjamin Day founded The Sun, a New York City newspaper. Day, who had been working in the printing business, started a newspaper as a way to salvage his business. He had nearly gone broke after losing much of his business during a  local financial panic caused by the cholera epidemic of 1832. His idea of selling a newspaper for a penny seemed radical at a time when most newspapers sold for six cents. And though Day merely saw it as a business strategy to salvage his business, his analysis touched upon a class divide in society. Newspapers that sold for six cents were simply beyond the reach of many readers. Day reasoned that many working class people were literate, but were not newspaper customers simply because no one had published a newspaper targeted to them. By launching The Sun, Day was taking a gamble. But it proved successful. Besides making the newspaper very affordable, Day instituted another innovation, the newsboy. By hiring boys to hawk copies on street corners, The Sun was both affordable and readily available. People wouldn’t even have to step into a shop to buy it. Influence of The Sun Day did not have much of a background in journalism, and The Sun had fairly loose journalistic standards. In 1834 it published the notorious â€Å"Moon Hoax,† in which the newspaper claimed scientists had found life on the moon. The story was outrageous and proven to be utterly false. But instead of the ridiculous stunt discrediting The Sun, the reading public found it entertaining. The Sun became even more popular. The success of The Sun encouraged James Gordon Bennett, who had serious journalistic experience, to found The Herald, another newspaper priced at one cent. Bennett was quickly successful and before long he could charge two cents for a single copy of his paper. Subsequent newspapers, including the New York Tribune of Horace Greeley and the New York Times of Henry J. Raymond, also began publication as penny papers. But by the time of the Civil War, the standard price of a New York City newspaper was two cents. By marketing a newspaper to the widest possible public, Benjamin Day inadvertently kicked off a very competitive era in American journalism. As new immigrants came to America, the penny press provided very economical reading material. And the case could be made that by coming up with a scheme to save his failing printing business, Benjamin Day had a lasting impact on American society.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Are connectionist models and symbolic models competing or Essay

Are connectionist models and symbolic models competing or complementary appraoaches to artificial intelligence - Essay Example Both these approaches have their supporters who have used them to show the various benefits which can be derived from taking different viewpoint to AI (Minsky, 1991). At the same time, there are those who have said that the approaches are complimentary and do not compete with each other. To justify these statements it is necessary to take a look at each approach to see how it works. The symbolic approach is based on the creation of AI models that work with symbol manipulation. Computation is based on the fact that a symbol or a group of symbols can be arranged in a manner to represent information. Once the order or position of symbols is changed, the information can also be updated to reflect the changing environment. It must be noted that in this approach a symbol can represent any type or nature of information and the symbols can be modified if required (Bader & Hitzler, 2005). Thus a symbol here represents an idea which has certain basic premises but which can be modified by the machine based on experience or intelligent action. This process of symbol manipulation can be very successful if the AI process is being applied to well-structured problems. That means if the symbols are predefined for the AI system, it can modify the associated parameters based on its own experience and manipulation of the symbols (Bader & Hitzler, 2005). This method seeks to replicate the higher order thinking processes of the human mind which has the same ability to modify and learn from experiences as they are collected in a person’s memory. However, this approach has certain failings as well since it is difficult to grasp commonsense reality with this approach. On the other hand, the connectionist models for AI are based on the idea of using a large number of relatively simple units which can handle extremely difficult and

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Lengthening the School Day Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lengthening the School Day - Article Example The proposal to lengthen the school day, therefore, creates new opportunities for students, teachers, and parents. Moreover, time with family after the school day would enhance family interactions and relationships. Students would have less homework because the school day is long enough to take care of academic activities. Contrary to the benefits of the longer school day, lengthening the school day is not without its disadvantages. A longer school day would negatively affect students’ attention. Extra time in school, according to Sprague, Douglas, and David (434), could result in attention deficit, fatigue, and subsequent ineffective curricular activities within that time. On the same note, longer hours at school do not necessarily translate to improved teacher productivity or student performance. In that regard, scores may fail to improve as school day hour increase. Most importantly, a longer school day requires additional funding due to an accompanying increase in suppleme ntal resources. In light of the above discussion, the cons of lengthening the school day outweigh the pros. A longer school day would be an additional individual, social, financial, and academic burden to almost every stakeholder in the education sector. Instead of lengthening the school day, proposers of this move should consider making the current school day more effective and efficient. It is important to ensure that the current school day operates to its full potential before considering additional hours.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Assisted suicide Essay Example for Free

Assisted suicide Essay Assisted Suicide In the 1990s, ‘Doctor Death’ Jack Kevorkian invented the first assisted suicide machine  in the world. He was then thrown into prison for 7 years (Pickert). This caught people’s attention  and made them question whether it should be legal to request physician assisted suicide, which is  when someone asks a physician to help him or her terminate his or her life. This topic became  one of the most popular discussions in recent years, but the truth is that it has actually been a  centuries- old debate. For both logical and humanitarian reasons, assisted suicide is not right and  should not be legalize. Is it right for a nation founded on Christianity to allow citizens to choose assisted  suicide? Can a decision that is made by a mentally ill person be treated as a rational decision? Is  the prevention of pain an acceptable circumstance in which to end a life? People still do not have  a widely accepted answer. It is not clear whether physician assisted suicide  is right or wrong. Assisted suicide should not be viewed solely as affecting one life, but should be viewed as a  decision that affects many.  The declaration of independence states that everyone has the right to pursue happiness  In whatever way they choose. Many argue that a decision to kill oneself is a private choice, that  society should not be, and has no right to be concerned. America believes that with its freedom,  people can do almost everything based on their own choices. Physician assisted suicide is also  one of the choices that they can decide. The common argument is that these people are adults  who can make rational and reasonable choices, however many people who request physician  assisted suicide are mentally ill. Of those who attempt suicide but were unsuccessful, less than 4  percent go on to kill themselves in the future, which means that most people changed their mind  after a period of recovery. Psychological evidence shows that those who ask for physician   assisted suicide in order to avoid pain are normally ambivalent, and they  usually attempt to end  their life for other reasons than a settled desire to die. Since assisted suicide has already become  a popular way to end suffering and pain, people who were in the status might feel it is necessary  for them to kill themselves since they have in their mind become a burden to their family and  society. Some would say it is wrong for such an impression to have the power to persuade a  personto end their life due to their weakness and disability. As a Christian nation, America wants a positive and happy image for the country.  American people value the meaning of life, and According to what most of the Christians  believe, God is the one who created life. Then how can people have the right to end something  that they did not even create in the first place? American society does not think assisted suicide  is good as a whole, because assisted suicide is still a self-caused death, which is equal to suicide.  Although there is always a vague line drawn between assisted suicide and attempted  murder. Assisted suicide is the opposite of happiness because it demonstrates  utter depression. It  is clear that American society sees assisted suicide as wrong, because there is a suicide watch  team among the police and counselors at schools who are trained to help and avert suicide. Asking for assisted suicide as a form of pain relief and signing a release form is not acceptable  either. People cannot solve problems by trying to get rid of them. People who stand against  physician-assisted suicide believe that suffering is just a stage of life. And lots of people who  were prevented from assisted suicide will tell you that they all passed that stage successfully,  and they are appreciative that they were stopped from asking for physician-assisted suicide. Assisted suicide also hurts the people who care about those who were asking for a  physician assisted suicide. Patients might get relived from their long suffering and pain but their  family will be hurt from one’s immature decision. The person only thought of their own  feelings and never considered others who are around them and how they feel. Families and loved  ones will be upset about their decision to take their lives in a selfish act. Other evidence that  shows assisted suicide is wrong is the fact that there are always suicide prevention billboards in  communities. This should show the government that people do not want those around them to  commit suicide. People who fight for the right to have physician-assisted suicide argue that assisted  suicide can bring benefits to both patients and society. They believe that people who  choose assisted suicide will die with dignity rather than suffer the pain of illness( OSteen,  Burke). That they will not let their family and friends suffer anymore by showing their weakness  and sickness. By choosing assisted suicide, patients can also reduce a huge amount of medical  expenses that insurance does not cover. To benefit society, their organs can be donated to save  people’s lives (Humphrey). Doctors and nurses can spend more time on recovering patients  rather than waste time on patients who are assured death, and of course, they still think it is a part  of one’s freedom to be able to choose for himself whether to live or die. Whether it is one’s  rational decision to chose to end their life has always been the center of this debate. Because  without argu ing about one’s free right, those who favor assisted suicide will lose an important  statement. Although there is a ton of evidence showing that physician assisted suicide is not right,  it is a fact that so many people are still in favor to legalize assisted suicide. They believe that  rather than give people hope to live, telling them the truth and offering them an option is more  reasonable. They argued that in some ways, it is humane to give dying people assisted suicide;  society is okay with people helping a sick or dying animal yet people are not okay with letting a  sick and dying patient go. It was said that humans are too selfish to let their loved ones go, even  if death would be a comfort. People who think it is illegal for a physician to offer assisted suicide  are accused of wanting to control other people’s lives. People think that one has his/her own will  about their life that no one is suppose to tell them what they should do and should not do. Especially when their faith to live is completely gone. It was understood as a merciful behavior  for a physician to offer help to end one’s life. A new statement was also brought up to argue in  the favor of legalize assisted suicide. It is that if one can reject medical treatment to prolong life  then why cant one request treatment to end it? Many people found this statement be reasonable  and useful to support the legalization of physician-assisted suicide.  After centuries’ debating, there is still no certain answer for those questions that are  brought up by the topic of assisted suicide. Two sides are still debating about the benefits and  negative effects of assisted suicide. Still to this day no one is able to convince the either group to  change their views on this topic. In 2006, the US Supreme Court ruled that legalizing assisted  suicide is to be the responsibility of each state respectively. No one can yet predict how long this  topic wi ll still be an argumentative topic for debate, And no one can predict how this issue will  effect human life in the future. But overall, do people really possess the right to kill a life that  was not created by them? It is still a big question that no one has yet given an answer that can  satisfy everyone. Maybe one-day people will find out the right answer and that assisted suicide  will be a new thing that brings benefits to the world. Physician suicide should be banned due to  its negative cause and impaction to society. People who think assisted suicide should be  illegalized because of the value of life to a society is still the majority; ending a life is  not so simple that people should decide to do so on their own. Work cited Pickert, Kate. A brief history of assisted suicide. a brief history of assisted suicide. N.p., 3 Mar. 2009. Web. 13 Sept. 2013. . Humphry, Derek. Liberty and Death: A manifesto concerning an individuals right to choose to die. Assisted Suicide Information on right-to-die and euthanasia laws and history. N.p., 24 Mar. 2009. Web. 18 Sept. 2013. Declaration of Independence Text Transcript. National Archives and Records Administration. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2013. OSteen, David N. , and Burke J. Balch. Why We Should Not Legalize Assisted Suicide | New York State Right to Life. Welcome | New York State Right to Life. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2013. Information on right-to-die and euthanasia laws and history. N.p., 24 Mar. 2009. Web. 18 Sept.2013. .

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Weimar, Germany Essay example -- Germany German History Culture Essays

Weimar, Germany In examining great social and cultural changes in the modern West, many specific events come to mind: the Renaissance and the Reformation, the â€Å"discovery† of the Americas, industrialization, and World War Two. One such event, often overlooked, is the â€Å"Great War†, 1914-1918. Like every people affected by the expanse of this war, Germans were deeply affected and forever changed. As a social, cultural, and psychological reaction to World War I, the German people created the Weimar Republic, leading to a drastic change in German society and culture. To best understand these changes, a comprehensive analysis of World War I, before, during, and after, is necessary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What was Germany before World War I? Before World War I, Germany was a Great Power on the cusp of social revolution, like many other European nations. The relatively new empire was struggling with the new working class and the increasing movement for labor rights (Gilbert and Large, 15-19). Wilhelm II, the Emperor of Germany when World War I began, was moving his empire toward expansive imperialism and militarism. The political, social, and cultural structure of Germany before World War I was relatively new, but almost instantly powerful and potent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The political structure of Germany, bred of Germany’s attempt at solid unification, was rapidly becoming outdated in the face of labor and the precarious balance of power in Europe, and would soon be put under by World War I. The Bundesrat, like the contemporary House of Lords in the British parliament, was manipulated by the landowning class. The Reichstag, created to balance the weight of the Bundesrat, was extremely limited: it could in no way interfere with individual states’ armies, being limited to legislation in the areas of foreign and naval affairs, as well as other relative trivialities like customs and mail (Gilbert and Large, 71).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In spite of Germany’s authoritarian governmental system, some indicators of social progressiveness were apparent. Members of the Reichstag were voted in, and eligible voters included all men over the age of 25. Germany was also ahead of her time in terms of workers’ rights (albeit no nation was timely enough to satisfy the rapidly-growing working class.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the most part, however, Germany was the symbol of authoritarianism. The Kaiser himself was an important symbol of this go... ... continued to show, what suffering in the trenches had meant. They had not turned themselves into heroes. They were not even capable of functioning in the society at the end of the war...many of the population did not like to have to face these war cripples. They did not wish to be reminded continuously of what war was really like.† (Gay, 90; italics mine)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From such devastation came Weimar. The Germans embraced their new freedom as a republic, feeling freed from those old constraints which, they felt, driven their country to ruin. The culture or Weimar symbolized the German disdain for the â€Å"old ways† of authoritarianism and monarchy. Weimar was modern, new, and as far as the Germans knew, not doomed to fall victim in another total war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Weimar was the hope of the people. The Germans, who felt their whole way of live had been made evil by the world, and had been annihilated in the war, reinvented themselves—and like the Germans they are, did the job all the way. World War I bred this new republic. It was, if nothing else, a cultural and psychological reaction, leading to a drastic change that would shape the German future, and forever color its gaze upon the past.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Monday, November 11, 2019

The Patient Education Plan Essay

Larry Garcia is a 45years old Hispanic male who was newly diagnosed with hypertension during a work-related physical exam. He has been married for eighteen years and has three children. He has been employed as a sales rep for ten years with the same company. His current position is a high pressured position, but he is performing very well at this present time. His is Catholic but only attends church on holidays. Larry likes to fish in his spare time. His mother has a history of high blood pressure but refuses to take her blood pressure medication, but otherwise she is well. His father has a history of CHF and impaired vision due to macular degeneration. He is an only child who supports his parents financially, assist with their shopping and transportation needs as well. Larry has an associate’s degree in business and wants to further his education, but he is unable to due to his labor and household responsibilities. Larry does state that â€Å"I feel stressed sometimes† during the exam. He has never smoked and has an occasional drink of alcohol on the weekends. Larry has no known allergies and takes one multivitamin a day. Identified risk factors for hypertension on Larry Garcia Age: Larry is 45 years old; more men than women at age 45 have hypertension. Family: his mother has high blood pressure;his father has CHF. Heredity plays an important role in having essential hypertension. Sedentary lifestyle: Larry is 12 lbs. over his model weight and does not exercise on a regular basis. An inactive lifestyle escalates the risk for hypertension and other serious disorders. Race: Larry is Hispanic. Racial/ethnic disparities exist in blood pressure, awareness, treatment, and control, with Mexican-Americans having a lower awareness and treatment of hypertension, as well as less health-care coverage, compared with blacks and whites (CDC, 2013). Stress: Larry has increased stress from work and also in supporting the need of his parents Describing the disease process Blood pressure is determined by the amount of blood your heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow in your arteries. The more blood your heart pumps and the narrower your arteries, the higher your blood pressure  (Mayo Clinic). High blood pressure is a known and unsafe chronic illness. Hypertension indicates that the pressure of the blood in your blood vessels is greater than it should be. Hypertension is having a blood pressure reading that is greater than 140 over 90 or higher on a consistent basis. If left untreated, having high blood pressure can become a front-runner to many problems such as a heart diseases, stroke, or renal failure. Many factors can contribute to high blood pressure such as the way you live, nutrition, heredities and some other unidentified origin. Helping to lower your blood pressure can assist in avoiding health disasters in the present and near future. Age, ethnic, cultural background, spiritual and developmental issues to the disease Men and women are equally likely to develop HBP during their lifetimes. However, before age 45, men are more likely to have HBP than women. After age 65, the condition is more likely to affect women than men (NIH, 2012). The increased stress from having made his quota at work as a sales representative along with the increased stress of having to support his parents can contribute to his high blood pressure as well. Mr. Garcia is twelve pounds over his ideal weight and does not exercise which is another major risk factor for hypertension. If he were to exercise that could aid in lowering his blood pressure as well. Being Catholic has no significance on high blood pressure. With his mother having a history of high blood pressure, this can genetically have an effect of his current condition. Effect on quality of life Hypertension is a progressive disease that may not have any signs or symptoms, so they patient may feel fine for a long period of time. On the other hand, high blood pressure can change a person’s quality of life for the worse. Heart failure can occur which cause the heart to become larger and weaker over time. Aneurysms can occur as well in major blood vessels which can transport blood away from the heart. Blood vessels in the kidneys can become narrowed which can cause kidney failure. The kidney failure can be acute or chronic, but this can have the patient needing a kidney transplant or end up needing dialysis. Vision can become impaired and blood vessels in the eyes can rupture or bleed due to the increased pressure in  the artery. All of these can affect the quality of life and can change a person’s entire life-style. Educational needs of the patient and how it can be met Larry needs a lot of education on his newly diagnosed chronic disease. Larry needs to be educated about the potential risk factors and complications related to hypertension. The nurse can provide information on hypertension, the causes, risk factors and the lifestyle changes that can help in the control of high blood pressure. The nurse can educate Larry on the need for regular check-ups with his primary care physician. Larry’s last eye exam was eight years ago and he has never had a colonoscopy. Also, his family history of some chronic illnesses such as hypertension, CHF, and macular degeneration should aid in making this discussion be of importance to focus on. Stress management is an educational need as well. The nurse can educate Larry on the significance of decreasing the stress in his life and providing stress relieving technique and support groups. High blood pressure involves long term management and control which can involve life-style and medication adjustments. Larry needs to learn how to monitor and record his blood pressure accurately. He needs to become aware of when to take his medications and what signs to become of aware to notify his physician. Providing information on the medication, side effect and resources to aid in purchasing the medication is of importance as well. He also needs to make a nutritional adjustment which should include a low fat, low to no salt, low cholesterol, low calorie diet. An exercise program needs to be introduced as well to help him maintain his ideal weight and lose the extra pounds he may be carrying around. Patient’s Perceived Challenges Larry has a lot of challenges that he faces due to controlling his high blood pressure. The stress of his position at work along with supporting his parents has been an added stressor in his life. Larry is going to have to find a way to decrease the stress in both of these situations. Decreasing his work load by delegating more responsibilities to others can be of some much needed relief. He has to support his parents financially along with financially supporting his household can be a major challenge. Larry has two teenagers at home that he has to assist in leading and guiding in the right direction. The patient has to deal with his weight as well and is unable to do an exercise program due to his demands at work. Changing his dietary intake can also be challenging since he is always on the go. Larry does not retain verbal information easily and learns best by reading the material. Handouts would mostly likely be the best teaching mechanism for the patient. Helping to break the barrier of these challenges can assist the patient in the control and management of his blood pressure. Plan of care and potential patient outcomes Mr. Garcia needs to start losing weight. Creating an exercise program that can he incorporate into his daily routine is of importance. Seeing if his job has a gym, going to a gym near his job or taking a walk with his family in the evenings can aid in him starting an exercise regimen that can fit into his busy lifestyle. Providing information on a healthy diet that includes a low sodium, low calorie, and low fat is significant as well. An educational tool provided by the National Lung and Blood Institute that can aid in this teaching is the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) plan. By changing his diet, he can lower blood pressure and begin to live a healthier life. Encouraging the importance of taking his blood pressures as scheduled should be a focus. Since he doesn’t like verbal teaching and does have an Associate’s degree than written materials such as booklet and pamphlets can assist in this medication educational process. Teaching stress relieving exercises and stress relieving mechanisms can aid in decreasing his stress. His wife is helping his parents and should continue if she can to assist him in the transportation of his parents. Summary Larry Garcia, a 45 year old male who was newly diagnosed with hypertension was the focus of this case study. As the nurse, I was able to identify Larry’s educational requirements to support him in living a fairly good life regardless of him having hypertension. An educational plan was developed to help him in complying with these needed changes in his life. High blood pressure is called the â€Å"silent killer† because it often has no warning signs or symptoms and many people do not know they have it. That’s why it is important to check your blood pressure regularly (CDC, 2015). Race, genetics, age and being overweight are some of the contributing factors of  hypertension. Although there is no cure for high blood pressure, management can consist of exercise, medication, dietary modifications and weight loss. References Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). High Blood Pressure. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/ Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2013). Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension — United States, 2003–2010. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6218a2.htm Mayo Clinic. (2014). High Blood Pressure (Hypertension). Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/basics/definition/con-20019580 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. (2012). Who is At Risk for High Blood Pressure? Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbp/atrisk Redman, B.K (2007). The practice of patient education: A case study approach (10th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection Database. The Dash Diet Eating Plan. (2015). What is the DASH Diet? Retrieved from http://dashdiet.org/what_is_the_dash_diet.asp

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Marie Curie †Change Agent Essay

Marie Curie has been chosen as a change agent due to the fact that she was the first woman to win a Nobel prize. She studied radioactivity, â€Å"a term which she invented,† (1) and invented portable x-ray machines which were carried by vans to the wounded in the field during World War I. (2) Element 96 was named curium (Cm) in the honor of Pierre and Marie Curie. (3) She made important advancements in the area of science, as remembered by the Curie institute, which for a time she was director of. The institute was named for her because of all the advancements she had made during her studies, and the work she did at the institute itself. The change that she made was for education for women to be accepted, and for women working in science to be more acceptable in her time. Works Cited (1) http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/95nov/curie.html (2) http://www.diplomatie.gov.fr/label_france/ENGLISH/SCIENCES/CURIE/marie.htm (3) http://www.student-consolidation.net/nobel-prize-winners/curie-sklodowska/curie-sklodowska.htm

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Disjunctive reaction time as it relates to complexity level essays

Disjunctive reaction time as it relates to complexity level essays The reaction time for subject with increase complexity is the focus of this study. The ten respondents were randomly selected on the campus of University Wisconsin at Milwaukee. Ten subjects reaction time was evaluated with a computer simulation program using one, two, or four choice trails, which lasted forty to sixty minutes. The data were analyzed using t test and ANOVA. The t test showed no significance as far as practice effects were concerned, but inferences can be made. Also the ANOVA showed a significant difference with reaction time as it relates to complexity. I found that as the level of complexity increase so does the reaction time. Disjunctive Reaction Time Measure as it relates to Complexity of Task This study was conducted to prove that reaction time increases as the level of complexity increases. Disjunctive reaction time was measured to eliminate subject reacting too early to the stimulus. Also make the tack more complicated and for subject to uses discrimination before responding to stimulus. Postman and Egan (1949) defines disjunctive reaction time as two or more different stimuli are presented in random order...the subject is instructed to react to one but not to the other stimuli(p 240). Rikli and Busch (1986) defined reaction time as the latency from the onset of the visual stimulus to the depression of the microswitch(p 646). Although a joystick was used to respond to the visual stimulus the same principle applies. For the purposes of this study both definition of reaction time were incorporated to facilitate proper measurement. Baron and Journey (1989) tried to prove that with increase age so did the reaction time. Also within the study they also found that as the level of complexity increased so did the reaction time for the young group 18 to 26 and the old group 62 to 75. For their study the stimulus was a pair of asterisks presented in a square, where one the four ...

Monday, November 4, 2019

10625

10625. I have 10625 songs on my IPod. When you think about it, the number is pretty impressive. It’s a big number, and it’s even more remarkable that I know every song. Music reflects who we are. It reflects our tastes, our desires, our needs. It shows how we feel on the inside when we can’t express it on the outside. When I hear my friend’s music collections, many of them have one or two types of music they listen to. Much of it is similar, with pre-existing sounds and vibrant tunes that reflect maybe one or two aspects of their personalities. All claim to have diverse musical tastes, and will even lecture each other on how their music is different from everyone else’s playlists. Yet beyond a few distinct styles, all they’ve really done is dabble in a few other kinds of music. One or two rock songs surrounded by dance music doesn’t show diversification. . And while that’s fine and perfectly respectable, it’s just not who I am. There are 10625 stories on my IPod. I like to think what we all, as human beings, like to think. That we are special. That we stand out in a crowd. That we are all different. That our â€Å"song† is unique. I am as unique as the many types of music I listen to. The different styles of music are a reflection of the many facets of my personality. I listen to everything from classic rock to popular dance, rap and hip hop to classical, rb to alternative, pop to the blues, and even a little country. A guilty pleasure of mine is not only soundtracks, but musical scores, from piano pieces to music from battle scenes. I’m that girl that listens to Korean Pop, or Kpop as it’s internationally known, which has played a major role in my life for the last three years. Shipping from Korea is far from cheap, but it’s always been worth it for my favorite bands. There is some very strange music on my IPod. I have the Epic Rap Battles of History and The Literal Trailers series by Tobuscus straight off of YouTube. Weird, but fun anyway. Then I have fanmixes. Music put together in playlists to represent every TV show, relationship, character, or mood in existence. Some are sad and slow, and some are fast and made for dancing. They’re easily the most misunderstood music on my IPod, but I use them to find new music and help broaden my tastes. I have sweet and slow music for when I’m sad or disappointed. I have fast, pumping dance and pop music for when I go on my runs. There is deep and thought-provoking music for everyday moments in life. There is light and fluffy music for my occasional lazy day. My relationship with my father finds expression through the classical rock music we both listen to and enjoy. Dance music is shared by my mother and me as we move through the house, singing as we go. Rap music, something I would have written off a long time ago, is a topic of posturing between my younger brother and I. We have very different interests, but I get some of my music from him, and I wonder if he knows I download it just to be a little closer to him. Music is how I connect with people, and how my relationships represent themselves. I’m a lot of different things in this world, and I use my music to express how I really feel. Music isn’t just a set of tunes. It’s a dynamic system, a rhythm that pumps and flows through our lives, with layers of emotion no different from what we all feel on an ordinary day. Music is a reflection of who we are, of our similarities, our differences, and our emotions. It helps us tell our story. Each song represents a smal l part of me, and pieced together, they form a picture of who I really am. I have 10625 stories to tell. And I’m still adding more each day.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Robert Frost-Range Finding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Robert Frost-Range Finding - Essay Example In this poem, he describes intricate details of his thoughts and experiences concerning his love for nature and the beauty of the earth. It is a vivid description of the battle within the human soul, regarding the gentle side and the wrong side. It has few line breaks, and the poem has relatively long lines of almost equal words. The poem has a simple rhyme scheme (abbaabba ccedeed). This rhyme scheme has a relaxed and laid back feeling to it, and it resonates throughout the whole poem. The poem organization is of very even structure and has no irregular breaks or ends. It has a flow, which is predictable and easy to catch onto. The poem has a mixture of normal English and the traditional English with words such as "Oernight" and "Twixt" which fall under the old English form of traditional ancient Britain. It has no set rhyme scheme and follows a natural course of well thought out words. The poem does not follow the Standard English syntax and diction and uses a mixture of the old and the new. This is used to add diversity and originality to the piece. It is also evident that the poem does not follow any traditional rhyming but rather it is free flowing, and it has no set rhyme pattern of words. The song also features imagery and symbolism with the use of individual objects or creatures to represent hidden meanings. In this context, the butterfly and the bullet represent certain criteria, as well as other objects and creatures. This form of literature provokes the artist to think and reflect over the poem with the aim of understanding the reason for the writing of the poem. The poem also employs the use of suspense as it ends on an anti-climax, leaving the reader yearning for more and wondering what could have transpired afterward. The heading of the poem, "Range Finding" means the shot that is used to determine the accuracy of a gun over a certain distance. This phrase is used in this particular context to emphasize the effects of the